Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment

Testicular cancer is a disease in which cells become malignant (cancerous) in one or both testicles.

The testicles (also called testes or gonads) are a pair of male sex glands. They produce and store sperm and are the main source of testosterone (male hormones) in men. These hormones control the development of the reproductive organs and other male physical characteristics. The testicles are located under the penis in a loose pouch called the scrotum.

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer

Some men may notice no symptoms, while some may notice symptoms like;

• Pain or discomfort in the testicle.
• Swelling
• Lower abdominal or back pain
• Enlargement of breast tissue

What are the causes of testicular cancer?

The exact causes of testicular cancer are not known. However, studies have shown that several factors increase a man’s chance of developing this disease.

• Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
• Congenital abnormalities
• Family history of testicular cancer

How is testicular cancer diagnosed?

In most cases, the men themselves can detect testicular cancer by doing a testicular self-examination to check for lumps.

To help find the cause of symptoms, the doctor evaluates a man’s general health. The doctor also performs a physical exam and may order laboratory and diagnostic tests. These tests include:

• Blood tests
  This test is conducted to check the levels of substances like alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and lactate dehydrogenase that may suggest the presence of a tumour.

• Ultrasound
  Ultrasounds help detect the presence and size of the tumour.

• Biopsy
  A urologist diagnoses a small tissue sample taken from the testicle to determine whether cancer is present or not.

Treatment Options Available for Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially at early stages. The three main options for treating testicular cancer include;

• Chemotherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Surgery

Care at Uro Clinic Care

The expert urology surgeons at Uro Clinic Care provide the exact care you need. Urologists at Uro Clinic Care has access to the latest diagnostic and treatment options like advanced radiation therapy techniques for treating testicular cancer.